Introduction to freezing and thawing Concrete and brick elements are among the building materials that are frequently damaged by the freeze-thaw cycles in cold regions. Water enters the pores / voids in a stiff, porous material
In this article, the damage caused by freezing and thawing cycles to concrete is described. Freezing-thawing damage results from the fact that when water freezes to ice, it expands by about 9 percent. When the water in