Civil Engineering Forum

Effect of Water-to-cement Ratio on Concrete

The concept of water-to-cement ratio (w/c) of concrete is a universally fundamental concept and is considered as the oldest law in the concrete technology. The water/cement ratio influences the durability properties of concrete in a

Practical Considerations for Reinforced Concrete Design

TeamCivil Concrete Design, Construction, Structural

It is known that in RC construction, simplicity and repetitiveness are the keys to economy. For beam and girder framing schemes with one way slabs, the next points should be taken into account: 1. For one-way load transfer

Structural Damage Caused By Reinforcement Corrosion

TeamCivil Concrete, Durability

Corrosion of steel in concrete may cause structural damage and early failure of Reinforced Concrete structures. Besides the volume increase and cover spalling due to corrosion (Figure 1), it negatively influences, the flexural, shear, and

Corrosion Damage Stages During Service Life

TeamCivil Concrete, Durability

In 1982, Tuutti proposed that deterioration due to steel reinforcement corrosion can be represented by a two stage model (Figure 1). The first stage is associated with corrosion initiation, in which detrimental substances (such as

Permeability of Concrete

TeamCivil Concrete, Durability

In general, permeability is defined as “the property that controls the rate of flow of a fluid into the porous solid”. Regarding concrete, the difficulty of the migration of the liquid and gas through the concrete

Objectives of a Building Code

TeamCivil Construction

The primary objectives of a building code are to make sure that new construction and renovated buildings provide a minimum level of safety, health, and welfare to the occupants and the public. These objectives are

What is Concrete Durability?

TeamCivil Concrete, Durability, Properties

Concrete structures are designed to achieve a certain service life. For instance, bridges are designed to achieve a 100 – 120 years of service. However, concrete life can be compromised or ended before the specified life.

Portland Cement: Compounds and Hydration

TeamCivil Concrete, Materials

The word “cement” itself is a general word means “a glue” while “portland cement” is a more specific type of glue that is used in the civil engineering construction. The most important feature of the portland