ِِِِِAggregate particles of a given size pack so as to form voids that can be penetrated only if the next smaller size of particles is sufficiently small, that is, there is no particle interference. This
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Loads on Falsework and Formwork Falsework and formwork shall be designed to carry all the loads that they will be subjected to till the time when the permanent structure they support gains sufficient strength to
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Non-Industrial Floors This category includes all floors except warehouse and factory floors. Though non-industrial floors get little attention, they are actually far more numerous than their industrial counterparts. Non-industrial floors are usually easier to design and
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Lumber Formwork The general term lumber refers to both “Dimension lumber” and “Timber”. Dimension lumber means a piece of lumber 38 to 102 mm inclusive in smaller dimension. Timber means a piece of lumber 114 mm or
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Equations of Static Equilibrium Equations of Static Equilibrium: Consider a case where a book is lying on a frictionless table surface. Now, if we apply a force F1 horizontally as shown in the Fig.1(a), then
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