Causes of Formwork Failures Failure of formwork in general results from various causes: excessive loads, premature removal of forms or shores, inadequacies related to formwork, and human error on the job, whether due to indifference,
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Formwork materials can be classified as: 1. Timber 2. Metals 3. Plastics 1.Timber a. Lumber: Lumber is commonly available material and has excellent strength, weight and cost factor. Lumber is classified as: • Boards: 1
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Selection of the Construction Plant The selection of plant is usually straightforward but the following points are relevant. 1- Cost a- Hire rate Take all factors into account if you are offered alternatives. What are the
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Loads on Falsework and Formwork Falsework and formwork shall be designed to carry all the loads that they will be subjected to till the time when the permanent structure they support gains sufficient strength to
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Lumber Formwork The general term lumber refers to both “Dimension lumber” and “Timber”. Dimension lumber means a piece of lumber 38 to 102 mm inclusive in smaller dimension. Timber means a piece of lumber 114 mm or
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Desirable Properties of Plaster 1-Introduction Portland cement plaster must have certain properties in both the fresh and hardened state to allow proper application and long-term service. A properly mixed plaster can be either hand or
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1-Introduction Materials should comply with building codes and job specifications. Packaged materials should be labeled properly, indicating the manufacturer, brand name, and recommendations for use. Packaged materials that might be damaged by moisture should be
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