In this article, two of the visual defects that might appear on concrete are discussed: Surface Rust Stains and Efflorescence (or Leaching) of concrete. Surface Rust Stains Rust stains are caused by corroded steel below
In this article, two of the visual defects that might appear on concrete are discussed: Cracking and Honeycombing of concrete. Cracking of Concrete Cracking is frequently occur in concrete structures. There are various types of cracking that
In this article, two of the visual defects that might appear on concrete are discussed: Surface Scaling and Spalling of concrete. Surface Scaling of Concrete Scaling is a form of disintegration and is due in most
Effect of Elevated Temperature on Concrete Strength Concrete structures could be exposed to high temperatures due to different reasons, mainly during exposure to fire; another one could be when the structure or its elements are
Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP):Introduction-Properties Concrete structures regardless of their purpose are disintegrating. A common link for this breakdown is that steel reinforcement is being used to strengthen the flexural capacity of the structures. Reinforcing steel
In this article, the damage caused by freezing and thawing cycles to concrete is described. Freezing-thawing damage results from the fact that when water freezes to ice, it expands by about 9 percent. When the water in
The concept of water-to-cement ratio (w/c) of concrete is a universally fundamental concept and is considered as the oldest law in the concrete technology. The water/cement ratio influences the durability properties of concrete in a
Corrosion of steel in concrete may cause structural damage and early failure of Reinforced Concrete structures. Besides the volume increase and cover spalling due to corrosion (Figure 1), it negatively influences, the flexural, shear, and